sunhongquan(1910.9-1979.12),shandongshengboxingren,woguozhumingerbihoukeshiyedekaituozheyudianjirenzhiyi,yijijiaoshou。1938nianbiyeyuqiludaxueyixueyuan,huojianadaduolunduoyixueboshixuewei。zaiguoneiwaixueshukanwushangfabiaolunwen40yupian,chubanzhuanzhu、jiaocai5bu。shengqianrendisanjiequanguorendadaibiao,disi、wujiequanguozhengxieweiyuan,liangcihuoquanguoxianjingongzuozherongyuchenghao。 sunhongquanjiaoshouchushengyulubeinongcundeyigeputongjiating,fuqinsunyuanren,xiongdijiemei6ren,renduodishao,shenghuofeichangjiannan。sunhongquankaozhebofu、wushudebangzhuduwanlezhongxiaoxue。 1928nian,sunhongquanzaihongwenzhongxuebiyehou,kaorujinandeqiludaxuefushegaozhongxuexi。1933niankaoruqidayixueyuan。dangshiqidayixueyuanshiyouwaiguojiaohuichuangbande,duixueshengyaoqiuhenyan,taotailvhengao,yigebanruxueshijishimingxuesheng,jingguo7nianxialai,youshizhiyoujimingxueshengbiye。yinertajiabeinuli,maitoukudu,sihaobuganxiedai,qudesinianjieyezongkaoquanbukechengjigedehaochengji。tazhengqingxingzijizongsuanmeibaiyonggongdeshihou,quebeiyingtoujiaoleyitonglengshui:
youdeyangrendangquanzhetichuburangtabiye,yuanyinshitazijinruqidayixueyuanhou,congweijinguokangmutangzuolibai,yemeiyoucanjiayangrenjiaoshouzhaojidechajingbantingjiangdao,guertichurangtaduoduyinian,yishichengjie。danyouyuzaodaoduoshuzhongguojiaoshoudejianjuefanduierzuoba,zongsuanbiyejinrushixi。zheishitatonghenyangrendekaishi,houlaicailejiedaoneiqing,yuanlaicanjiayangrenchajingbandexuesheng,gongkebujigekezhaochangshengban、biye,bucanjiade,jibiangongkedoujige,yerangliuji,shizaikeezhiji。tayecongzijilizitihuiherenshidaowaiguojiaohuiliyongzongjiaolalongfushizhongguoqingniandezhenmianmu。 EBET真人1937nian,tagangjinrulinchuangshixibujiu,kangrizhanzhengjixingbaofa。zaiquanguoshangxiaguangdajunminyipiankangrijiuguohushengxia,qidayixueyuanxueshengmendeaiguoreqingkongqiangaozhang。tamenbandetongxuedangjibeiyunxudiaorukongjun,renshixijunyi,daonanjingbaodaohou,tabeipaidaoanhuiguangdefeijichangdanrenzhandijiuhu。bujiujifengnanjingguominzhengfuminglingchetuidaojiangxinanchangyijichangdanrenjiuhugongzuo,danshihenqiguai,jihumeiyoushenmejiuhurenwu。houlaisuliankongjunlaihuazhuzhan,tabeipaiwangnanchangyiyuan,danrensulianshoushangkongjunzhanshidezhiliaogongzuo。yuebannianhouyouzinanchangchetuidaojiangxinanbudejian。1938niandi,jizaikangrizhanzhengdaxianghoudeyinian,bianchetuidaodahoufangdesichuanchengdou。tongguozheiduanyusulianyishenghekongjunshangbingyuandejiaowang,talejiedaosulianyishengduishangbingyuanjiweifuzedeyiliaozuofeng,shangbingyuanyijueduizunshouyizhu,suliankongjunrenyuandezuoshiganlian、chikunailao、fuzeshouji,jitaliuxiashenkeyinxiang,congerduigongchandanglingdaoxiadesulianguoqingheyixuezhuangkuangyoulelianghaodeganxingrenshi,panwangzhongguonengyougongchandanglianheminzhudangpai,fadongquanguorenmingongtongkangzhan,kendingyouxiwang,huiyougehaodeqiantu。 zidaochengdouhou,tazaihuaxi、qilu、zhongyangsandaxuelianheyiyuanzuozhuyuanyishi,bingyouqiludaxueyixueyuanerbihoukelangjianhuanzhurenjieshao,zaihuaxidaxueyixueyuanyanerbihouzhuankeyanjiubanjianduyanjiusheng,1940nianxiatianbiye,yihoujizhuangongerbihouke。neishideqiludaxueyixueyuanjiaoshoufenliangpai,jiyangrenhefanyangrenpai。tayulanglaoshishijianjuedefanyangrenpai,zhongyinneishiyangrenshida,dao1943nianshujiahou,yangrenbianburangtaliangrenzaizaihuaxi、qilu、zhongyangsandaxuelianheyiyuanrenzhile,tayushilikaileqiludaxueyixueyuan。zai1938niandao1943nianzheiduanshijiannei,tahaijianrenchengdoutongjiyiyuanerbihoukeyisheng(meizhouqu2-3ci)jisichuanshengganbuxunlianbanyisheng(meizhouqu1-2ci)。zhisuoyizaiyuanwaijianzhi,wufeishiyouyuzaikangzhanshiqidedahoufangguotongquwujiafeizhang,jiatingshenghuowufaweichi,zhihaoyikaojianzhiyiweiji。 1943nian8yue,tayiguyuanmingyijiurenchengdoukongjundiyiyiyuanerbihoukezhuren,tongshizaibeibeijiangsuyixueyuanjianrenerbihoukexuejiaoshou,jieyibujianduanjiaoxuecujinyewushangdejinbu。1945nian8yuekangzhanshenglihou,taciqukongjunyiyuanzhiwu,daolenanjing,zanshizainanjingshiliyiyuangongzuojigeyue。qiludaxueyixueyuanbanhuijinanhou,yinwurenjiaoshouerbihoukexueke,xiaofangduocidunqing,tacaiyu1946nianhuidaolemuxiaorenjiao。 EBET真人1948nianyouqiludaxuebaosong,yongmeiguoyiyaoyuanhuahuidejingfei,tadeyidaomeiguoliuxue。zhangqiyilai,tashenganzhongguoyixueluohou,youqishierbihouke,henduoshoushudoubunengkaizhan,suoyitahenzhenshizheicinandedejihui。zaimeiguoshengluyihuashengdundaxueyixueyuanerbihoukeyanjiuyuanxuexiyinianhou,yu1949nian7yuezaimeiguofeichengtempledaxueyixueyuanjiekesenneizhenjingzhuankebanyiyouyichengjibiye。tacengzainiuyueyoubinglikesunshaoqianyishijieshaocanjiaguoyicizhongmeikexiezuotanhui,neirongshidiguozhuyizaizhongguobanxuexiaodeqinlveshizhi,jiruhezuzhizaimeitongxueshouhuizhongguojiaoyuquandengwenti,taduimeiguodiguozhuyifenzideqinlveyexinyoulejinyiburenshi。1949nian8yue,zuguodaluyidabufenjiefang,tayiranwanjuepengyoumendewanliu,paoqueyouhoudewuzhidaiyu,juexinhuijia、baoxiaozuguo,yinweibaoshouzhanzhengchuangshanghekunandezhongguo、tongbaomengengxuyaota。chuandaoxianggangzhunbeifanlushi,taiwandangjupaiyuannanjingzhengfuweishengshuzhangzaofang,liyaotaqutaiwan。tayanciyiju,jianjuedidengshanghuiqingdaodekelun。chuandiqingdaoshi,shifengzhonghuarenmingongheguochengli,taxingfenyichang,congciquanshenxindikuashangweixinzhongguoebetzhenrendezhengcheng。 EBET真人huiguohou,dangheguojiajiletayijidadexinrenhereqingdeguanhuai。tayeshenganxinzhongguodeerbihoukerencaijiweiquefa,yiliaojishuluohou,yixueyuanshizishao,erbihoukebingrendebudaozugoudezhenliao,renweizijiyingjianfuzhongdan,weigaibianzuguoyixueluohoumianmao,qinfenzuanyan,jijigongzuo,chongfenfahuilezijideyewuzhuanzhang,zaizhengge50niandai,jinzaiguoneilvxiankaizhanhuogailiangdeshoushujida30yuxiang。cihou,tahaitupobenkefanwei,kaizhanleyanke、kouqiangkeheshenjingwaikeyixiegaonandushoushu,yejunweiguoneilingxian,shengmingyuanzhen。 sunhongquanjiaoshoubuduanjiejianguoneiwaixianjinkexuejishu,bingzaibenzhuanyedeyiliaojishushangjingyiqiujing、lizhengchuangxin。zaozai1942nian,tajiuxietonglangjianhuanjiaoshouzaizhongguochenggongdikaizhanlediyiliquanhouqiechushu,bingshoucixunlianwuhoubingrenyongshiguanfayinjianghua,kaiguoneizhixianhe。1947nian,tayouzaiguoneilvxiankaizhanneierkaichuangshuzhiliaoeryinghuazheng,bingrentingliyoumingxiangaishan,tarengbumanyi,zai6nianhouyouchuangyonggailiangneierkaichuangshu,liaoxiaohenhao,xiyingengduoyishiqianlaixuexi,tacailveganfangxin。qihoutayoushoucijiangneierkaichuangshuyongyuzhiliaoxiantianxingerjixing,qudexianzhuxiaoguo。 EBET真人40niandaimo,dangshidekouqiangke、yanke、shenjingwaikeshoushushuipingbugao,renyuanyouquefa,sunhongquanjiaoshouyiqiguangbodezhishihegaochaodeshoushujineng,tupoleerbihoukefanwei,duiqianshukeshidexuduoyinanzhongzhengyezaiguoneilingxiankaizhanbingqudechenggong。lirutakaizhandejingluzhongwoxingsanchashenjingganjuegenqieduanshuzhiliaosanchashenjingtong、jinglinbagenzhixingqingsaoshu、shanghegujiyanneirongwuzhaichushu、chunjieliezhengfushu、mianshenjingjianyashu、mianshenjinggaidaofengheshu、momiludianninggushuzhiliaomeiniershibing、danaoceshirutudouwenheshuzhiliaonaojishui、shuangcehouwaizhanmabideshoushuzhiliaodeng,douqudemanyixiaoguo。ciwai,tahaikaizhanqiguan、shiguanneikuijingshoushuzhiliaoshiguanbimenjingluan、shiguanjingmaiquzhang(zhusheyinghuaji)、shiguanai(leiliao)、shiguanxiazhaideng。 50niandaitazaiguoneilvxiankaizhandeshoushuzhuyaoyoubibunaopengchushoushu、sheaiqiechushu、xiayanaiyanhoujijingshiguanqiechuyiqiyanhoujingshiguanqiechuliecengpibanzhengfushu、zhongeraideshoushuzhiliao、gushichengxingshujiqigailiangshushi、mianshenjingyizhishu、zhenguxiarulutingshenjingliuqiechushu、houbahenxingxiazhaideshoushuzhiliao、anbizhengxingshu、biyanbuyuluguneijisuoliushoushu、egubanzhangzhongliuqiechushu、jingdongmaitiliuqiechushu、yuanfayuluanyuankongyingnaomoxianweiliujingniexiawotujingzhaichushu、jingbizhonggejibidouchuitiliuqiechushu、zhongerjingjingmaitiliuqiechushu、jingbidoutujingquchudieanyiwuheluzhongwotujingzhaichuniegujuxibaoliushoushudeng。zheixiejunbeishourutazhubian、renminweishengchubanshefaxingde《erbiyanhoukeshoushuxue》zhong,chengweibenzhuanyedejingdianzhuzuozhongyaozuchengbufen。tahaizhubian《erkexue》、《erbiyanhoukexue》dengyixueyuanjiaocaihe《yixuebaikequanshu·erbihoukefenjuan》。jidetazaibianxiejiaocaishicengshoujileguoneiwaierbihoukedehaojingyanhexinjishujinzhanziliao,erqiehaibazuguoyixuedechengshujingyanfangjinqu,tashuo:
“zhenjiuzhiliaoshenjingxingerlong,jiuyoubijiaoxianzhudexiaoguo。”zheichongfenshuomingyiweizhenzhengdekexuejiajuebucunyourenhepianjian,yingnulixiquwaiguode、zhongguodeyixuejinghua,fengfuerbiyanhoukexue,tuidongyixuexiangqianfazhan。 EBET真人sunhongquanjiaoshoubudanzaixueshushangchangdaodulisikao、yongyukaituochuangxin,yizhiyishujingzhan,erqieqigaoshangdeyideyifengyongyuandoushihoubeimendekaimo。liru,youyicitazhenshiyiweihuaiyibiyanaibingren,lianzuosicihuotizuzhijiancha,binglibaogaojunwuyichangfaxian。tasuiranyongyouzhashidelilungendihefengfudeshijianjingyan,dangengxiangxinlinchuangbiaoxianhezijidejianchasuojian,biannaixinshuofudongyuanbingrenyujiashuzaizuoyicihuojian。jieguozaikeyibuweiqudaobingbianzuzhi,zhengshishibiyanai,shibingrendedaolejishizhiliao,yizhibeichuanweijiahua。 beijingmouyiyuanzhuyouyiweiludijudanaomoliudebingren,zaichangdesulianzhuanjiashushouwuce,renweibunengshoushu。sunjiaoshoubukaolvgerenshengyudeshi,ganmaofengxian,zaixiangxizhenchahouzhidinglezhenmifangan,qinzizhidao,yingshicongbingrenbibuquchujudazhongliu。shoushudechenggong,lingzaichangdezhongwaizhuanjiawubugandaoqinpeihetanfu。 tachangshuo:
“yishengdeshoushudaokeyijiuren,danzaiyongyishoulihuibianchengsharentudao、caojianrenming。”meicishoushutadouyanmidikaolvshuzhongkenengfashengdeyiwaiqingkuangheduice,zuochuzuituoshandeshoushufangan,yinershoushuchenggonglvhengao。hangzhoumouyiyuanjiyiweiyouerzuoqiguanqiekaishiwushangshidao,fashengqiguanshidaolou,tunyandaqiang、jinshikunnan,yingxiangfayu,shisuidehaizikanshangquxiangsan、sisuidaxiao。youqishihoubugongnengzhangqifeiyong,yijingbunengshuohuale。qijiazhangdaizhehaizibenzougediqiuyi,shoushuda7ci,shenzhizuoguoliangcikaixiongshoushu,rengweihaozhuan。tamendatingdaosunjiaoshou,buyuanqianliqianlaiqiuzhi。dangshisunhongquanjiaoshoubugugerenanwei(zai“wenhuadageming”zhongzaoshoupohai、cuicandeshentishangweihenhaohuifu),qinziyuwangtianduo、zhupingjiaoshouyiqiweihuanerzuoleqiguanshidaolouxiubushu,yicihuochenggong!houlai,zheihaiziyiqiehuifulezhengchang。ciwai,tahaiweixuduobingrenjiechulewuzhendetongku,baituoleaimodezhigu。leisidelizishibushengmeijude。 1951nian,guojiaweishengbuzhidingqiluyiyuanerbihoukeweiquanguojinxiujidi,weituosunhongquanjiaoshoujubanquanguogaojishizipeixunban。qihou,meinian1-2qi,zhidao60niandaichu。1953nian,zaisunhongquanjiaoshoujijichangdaohedalituidongxia,shandongyixueyuankaisheleguoneishoujieerbihoukexuesinianzhidaxuebenkezhuanyeban,gongzhaosheng59ren,wulunshiquanguogaopeibanhaishizhuanyeban,tazongshiqinzizhidingpeixunhejiaoxuejihua、bianxiejiaocai,erqieduoshiqinzijiangke,bingjinxingjishupeixun,youdeshoubashoujiaoshoushucaozuo,qiyangejingxidejiaoxuezuofengherexinnaixindezhijiaotaiduzaojiuledapierbihoukezhuanmenrencai。xianzaitamenbianjiquanguogedi,dadouchengweigaixuekedezhuanjiahexueshudaitouren。ciwai,tongguoduijinxiuyishengdedaijiaohexiaxiangxunhuiyiliao,lejiedaodiquhexianyiyuandeerbihoukeyishenghenquefa,jishushuipingcha,yincitazhuzhangmianxiangjiceng,zijiyejingchangxiaqujiangxue、bangzuoshoushu,peiyangzhuankerencai。 EBET真人tazaijiaoxuezhongfeichangzhongshidongwushiyanheshitishangdeshoushuxunlian。budantaziji,jiushinianqingyishenghuojinxiu、shixisheng,douyaoqiufanfulianxishoushucaozuo,zhidaoshulianhou,cainengjibingrenzuoshoushu,yigaosuduwanmeijieshucaozuo,jinliangjianqingbingrentongku,kejianqizhixueyanjinheduibingrengaodufuzedekexuejingshen。 EBET真人jinguanlinchuangyewuhejiaoxuegongzuofanmang,sunhongquanjiaoshouyizhijianchigaokeyangongzuohedongwushiyan。youwushulichenggongdeshoushujingyanhejilei、zhenglierchengdelunwen、zhuanzhu,buduanjiechukeyanshuoguo,gongtongxingxiangyong;tagengchongfenliyongyiyuanweizhumingzhuanjiapeibeideshiyanshi(50niandaihe60niandaichu,yiyuanweipifukeyoujiajunheerbihoukesunhongquanliangweijiaoshouchuangzaokeyantiaojian),kaizhanxinjishu。1963niantahezhushoumenmaozhexiarikushufanfushiyan,zhongyuzaigoushenshangqudeguoneishoulihouyizhichenggong,pandengshangkexuegaofeng。shihoutaduitongshimendaochule“chuangxin”dejueqiao:
“buganchubuledongxi,zhazhashishidigan,jiuhuiganchuxindongxi!”qianzhenwanque,zhilimingyan。 sunjiaoshouxingqingqianhe,chengkenkuanhou,shanyuguanhuaititiejiarenhetongshi,congbubaichujiaoshou、mingrendejiazi,duihaizimenhenianqingyihurenyuangengshijiyangeyaoqiu、youaihutiliang,dedaozhouweisuoyourendezunjingheaidai,yequdegejilingdaodezunzhonghezhichi。“haobubaoshou,wubaoliudijiangjingyantihuijiaojitongshi,jiangdiandizhishijishufengxianjishehuiherenmin,weizhongguoerbihoukexueshiyezuochujudagongxian,shizheiyishiyedekaichuangzhehedianjirenzhiyi”,zheishilishijisunhongquanjiaoshouzuochudezhongkenpingjia。 EBET真人youyusunjiaoshouzaiyiliao、jiaoxue、keyanjixingzhengyewuguanligefangmiandetuchuyeji,danghezhengfuyijiyiyuanlingdaoweiyizhongren,bingjiyuhengaoderongyu。lirenqiluyiyuanerbihoukezhuren,jiaoyanshizhuren、zhonghuayixuehuierbiyanhoukexuehuiquanguoweiyuanhuiweiyuan、shandongshengerbihouxuehuizhurenweiyuan、shandongyiyaoweishengxuehuichangwulishi、zhongguominzhutongmengshandongshengweiyuanhuichangwuweiyuan、shandongshengjiquanguorendadaibiao、shandongshengjiquanguozhengxieweiyuandengzhi,xianhouhuoshandongshengweishengxitongxianjingongzuozhe、shandongshengtedengxianjingongzuozhe、quanguoxianjingongzuozhe(liangci)rongyuchenghao。 |